Search results for " Laboratory Experiments"

showing 7 items of 7 documents

The Consistency of Fairness Rules: An Experimental Study

2010

In the last two decades, experimental papers on distributive justice have abounded. Two main results have been replicated. Firstly, there is a multiplicity of fairness rules. Secondly, fairness decisions differ depending on the context. This paper studies individual consistency in the use of fairness rules, as well as the structural factors that lead people to be inconsistent. We use a within-subject design, which allows us to compare individual behavior when the context changes. In line with the literature, we find a multiplicity of fairness rules. However, when we control for consistency, the set of fairness rules is considerably smaller. Only selfishness and strict egalitarianism seem to…

Economics and EconometricsSociology and Political Sciencejel:C91Justice Fairness Laboratory Experiments Self-serving bias ConsistencyComputer sciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectjel:D63Control (management)Context (language use)MicroeconomicsConsistency (negotiation)SelfishnessDistributive Justice Fairness Laboratory Experiments Self-serving bias ConsistencySelf-serving biasDistributive justiceSet (psychology)Social psychologyApplied PsychologyEgalitarianismmedia_common
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An inquiry-based approach to Maxwell distribution: a case study with engineering students

2013

The concept of distribution is a fundamental component of statistical thinking. This paper describes a teaching approach for it that uses a specific activity related to the field of statistical mechanics. The concept of the velocity distribution of a particle system is dealt with using an inquiry-based approach involving an experimental examination of Maxwell’s distribution. Some outcomes of a teaching experiment held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Palermo, Italy are described.

PhysicsDistribution (number theory)Research in physics education Teaching methods and strategies Laboratory experiments and apparatus Laboratory course design organization and evaluationClassical statistical mechanicsSettore FIS/08 - Didattica E Storia Della Fisica05 social sciences050301 educationGeneral Physics and AstronomyStatistical mechanics01 natural sciencesMaxwell–Boltzmann distributionField (geography)symbols.namesakeTheoretical physicsStatistical thinkingComponent (UML)0103 physical sciencessymbolsMathematics education010306 general physics0503 educationEuropean Journal of Physics
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Experimental observations of upstream overdeepening

2005

The issue of morphodynamic influence in meandering streams is investigated through a series of laboratory experiments on curved and straight flumes. Both qualitative and quantitative observations confirm the suitability of the recent theoretical developments (Zolezzi & Seminara 2001) that indicate the occurrence of two distinct regimes of morphodynamic influence, depending on the value of the width ratio of the channel β. The threshold value βR separating the upstream from the downstream influence regimes coincides with the resonant value discovered by Blondeaux & Seminara (1985). Indeed it is observed that upstream influence may occur only in relatively wide channels, while narrower stream…

BedformMechanics of MaterialsMechanical EngineeringOverdeepeningThe issue of morphodynamic influence in meandering streams is investigated through a series of laboratory experiments on curved and straight flumes. Both qualitative and quantitative observations confirm the suitability of the recent theoretical developments (Zolezzi & Seminara 2001) that indicate the occurrence of two distinct regimes of morphodynamic influence depending on the value of the width ratio of the channel β. The threshold value βR separating the upstream from the downstream influence regimes coincides with the resonant value discovered by Blondeaux & Seminara (1985). Indeed it is observed that upstream influence may occur only in relatively wide channels while narrower streams are dominated by downstream influence. A series of experiments has been carried out in order to check the above theoretical predictions and show for the first time evidence of the occurrence of upstream overdeepening. Two different sets of experiments have been designed where a discontinuity in channel geometry was present such that the channel morphodynamics was influenced in the upstream direction under super-resonant conditions (β >βR) and in the downstream direction under sub-resonant conditions (β <βR). Experimental results give qualitative and quantitative support to the theoretical predictions and allow us to clarify the limits of the linear analysis.MechanicsLinear analysisCondensed Matter PhysicsWidth ratioGeology
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Measurement of the Convective Heat-Transfer Coefficient

2014

We propose an experiment for investigating how objects cool down toward the thermal equilibrium with its surrounding through convection. We describe the time dependence of the temperature difference of the cooling object and the environment with an exponential decay function. By measuring the thermal constant tau, we determine the convective heat-transfer coefficient, which is a characteristic constant of the convection system.

Thermal equilibriumConvectionPhysicsNatural thermal convectionPhysics - Physics EducationFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyHeat transfer coefficientMechanicsLaboratory experiments and apparatusEducationPhysics::Fluid DynamicsPhysics Education (physics.ed-ph)Temperature differenceExponential decayConstant (mathematics)Thermal constantNatural thermal convection; Laboratory experiments and apparatus
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Turbulence structure and coherent motion in a straight laboratory flume

2012

Open channel flow flow turbulence structure burst cycle walls roughness laboratory experimentsSettore ICAR/01 - Idraulica
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An Inquiry Based Approach to the study of energy exchange by thermal radiation

2012

A teaching-learning sequence regarding the investigation of energy exchange by thermal radiation, conduction and convection is under development within the context of “Establish”, a FP7 European Project aimed at promoting and developing Inquiry Based Science Education in European Secondary Schools. Here we present some relevant laboratory activities of this inquiry-oriented teaching/learning sequence for secondary school level students (or even first-level university ones), aimed at investigating the physics of energy transmission by thermal radiation. In traditional laboratory work, the focus of students activities is mostly dedicated on verifying information previously transferred by the …

Education Teaching methods and strategies Laboratory experiments and apparatus.Settore FIS/08 - Didattica E Storia Della FisicaInquiry-based science education
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Experimental investigation on the role of vegetation on sediment transport mechanism: review of recent results

2012

sediment transport vegetation laboratory experimentsSettore ICAR/01 - Idraulica
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